Passive-ranging systems based on wave-front coding are introduced. These single-aperture hybrid optical-digital systems are analyzed by use of linear models and the Fisher information matrix. Two schemes for passive ranging by use of a single aperture and a single image are investigated: (i) estimating the range to an object and (ii) detecting objects over a set of ranges. Theoretical limitations on estimator-error variances are given by use of the Cramer-Rao bounds. Evaluations show that range estimates with less than 0.1% error can be obtained from a single wave-front coded image. An experimental system was also built, and example results are given.
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Johnson et al. (2000) studied this question.
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