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The teacher, like the artist, the philosopher, and the man of letters, can only perform his work adequately if he feels himself to be an individual directed by an inner creative impulse, not dominated and fettered by outside authority. (Bertrand Russell, Unpopular Essays, 1961.) Conformity then becomes the criterion by which the pupil is judged in spite of the fact that initiative, originality and independence are precious qualities of life. (John Dewey, The Need for a Philosophy of Education, 1974a.)
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P J Olmesdahl (1999) studied this question.
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