This paper considers the ways to reactivate higher education by, in particular, applying the key concepts of total quality management (TQM ) to education. The key elements of TQM in education are: leadership, education and training, organizational climate, customer service, scientific methods and tools, meaningful data and team problem-solving. These can work successfully in a college or university just as they have in manufacturing or service organizations. The results that can be expected from implementing TQM are also discussed.
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Stanley J. Spanbauer (1995) studied this question.