Enhancing Cross-Linking Efficiency in Gelatin-Based Hydrogels via Incorporation of Tannic Acid, Pluronic F-127, and Phytic Acid

This study enhanced the gelatin-based hydrogel formulation by incorporating tannic acid, triblock copolymer Pluronic F-127, and phytic acid to improve its physicochemical properties. The swelling behaviour of these hydrogels was evaluated in phosphate buffer solution at selected pH levels. Morphological and thermal properties of the investigated hydrogels were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to investigate the chemical structure of the optimal hydrogel. Tannic acid was recognised as a key component responsible for significant improvements in the hydrogel's overall properties, including greater swelling capacity in phosphate buffer solution, a more defined porous structure, enhanced thermal stability (with a melting point above physiological conditions), significantly increased mechanical strength, elasticity, and overall robustness, as well as stability of the hydrogel network structure. These enhancements make the gelatin-based hydrogels more suitable for biomedical applications that demand high durability.