Diagnosis and management of heart failure

Key Points

• Review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and evidence-based therapeutic management of heart failure.
• Narrative clinical review detailing the underlying causes, presenting signs and symptoms, and standard diagnostic workups for heart failure.
• Synthesized current clinical approaches regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
• Identifies key clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic investigations required to accurately identify heart failure etiology.
• Outlines comprehensive management paradigms focusing on guideline-directed medical therapy and supportive care to improve clinical outcomes.