Muscle Systems Of The Lower Urinary Tract Of The Male Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta): Histomorphology And 3-dimensional Reconstruction

No AccessJournal of UrologyINVESTIGATIVE UROLOGY1 Oct 2002Muscle Systems Of The Lower Urinary Tract Of The Male Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta): Histomorphology And 3-dimensional Reconstruction Roman Ganzer, Jochen Neuhaus, Wolfgang Dorschner, and Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg Roman GanzerRoman Ganzer , Jochen NeuhausJochen Neuhaus , Wolfgang DorschnerWolfgang Dorschner , and Jens-Uwe StolzenburgJens-Uwe Stolzenburg View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64528-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: The structure and function of the lower urinary tract are still a subject of controversial discussion. Experiments in various animals, including rhesus monkeys, are often performed to improve the understanding of human physiology without adequate knowledge of anatomical differences. Therefore, a detailed study of the lower urinary tract of the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was performed to elucidate anatomical correspondences in rhesus monkeys and humans. Materials and Methods: Lower urinary tract anatomy and histomorphology were investigated in male rhesus monkeys on serial sections. To differentiate striated and smooth muscle immunohistochemical staining was done. Three-dimensional reconstructions were developed to demonstrate the topography of the muscle systems. Results: We identified certain systems, including detrusor musculature extending on the bladder neck, a ventral longitudinal muscle system of the bladder neck, continuation of the musculature of the ureters to the verumontanum, a urethral sphincter consisting of a striated and a smooth muscle part, musculature between the urethra and rectum, and a striated longitudinal muscle system ventral to the urethral sphincter. The prostate gland of the rhesus monkey does not encircle the urethra but is attached dorsolateral. The internal sphincter (musculus sphincter vesicae) of humans does not exist in the rhesus monkey. The longitudinal systems of the urethra differ significantly from those in humans. Conclusions: Due to significant differences in lower urinary tract anatomy the suitability of the male rhesus monkey seems limited as an animal model for humans. It is not suitable for studying the longitudinal muscle systems of the human bladder neck. References 1 : Atlas of Topographical and Human Anatomy, 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co1991; . Google Scholar 2 : Operative Urology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co1991. Google Scholar 3 : The dispute about the external sphincter and the urogenital diaphragm. J Urol1999; 162: 1942. Link, Google Scholar 4 : Structure and function of the bladder neck. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol2001; 159: 1. 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Volume 168Issue 4 Part 1October 2002Page: 1603-1607 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.KeywordsMacaca mulattabladdermusclesurinary tractMetricsAuthor Information Roman Ganzer More articles by this author Jochen Neuhaus More articles by this author Wolfgang Dorschner More articles by this author Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...