New features in the phase diagram of TbMnO₃

The ( H , T )-phase diagram of the multiferroic perovskite TbMnO 3 was studied by high-resolution thermal expansion α( T ) and magnetostriction Δ L ( H )/ L measurements. Below T N ≃ 42 K, TbMnO 3 shows antiferromagnetic order, which changes at T FE ≃ 28 K where simultaneously a spontaneous polarization P ∥ c develops. Sufficiently high-magnetic fields applied along a or b induce a polarization flop to P ∥ a . We find that all of these transitions are strongly coupled to the lattice parameters. Thus, our data allow for a precise determination of the phase boundaries and also yield information about their uniaxial pressure dependencies. The strongly hysteretic phase boundary to the ferroelectric phase with P ∥ a is derived in detail. Contrary to previous reports, we find that even in high-magnetic fields there are no direct transitions from this phase to the paraelectric phase. We also determine the various phase boundaries in the low-temperature region related to complex reordering transitions of the Tb moments.