Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translation control

Theadenovirus genome istranscribed bytwoRNA polymerases furnished bythehostcell. RNA polymerase II transcribes bothstrands oftheviral DNA over nearly allof itslength, andtheresultant mRNAs encode more than50 viral proteins. RNA polymerase IIItranscribes lessthan1% oftheviral genome, giving rise to one or two species (depending on thevirus serotype) ofshort, noncoding RNAs (44, 59). ThisRNA was namedvirus-associated (VA)RNA whenits origin fromtheviral genome was still uncertain (45). Eventhough VA RNA was detected ininfected cells asearly as1966, itsrole intranslational control andincounteracting hostantiviral defenses onlybecameapparentinthe1980s andthedetails ofitsaction remain thesubject ofactive investigation. VA RNAs are common toalladenoviruses studied todate, butmostworkhasconcentrated on the groupC adenoviruses, adenovirus types2and5(Ad2and AdS), upon whichthis review will necessarily focus.