Precision Laser Texturing Supports Fibroblasts Adhesion on Ti6Al4V Surfaces under Inflammatory–Bacterial Stress

The long-term success of dental implants relies on stable soft tissue integration, which is essential to limit peri-implant inflammation and infection. In this study, femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated as a surface engineering strategy to preserve gingival fibroblast adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization under inflammatory–bacterial stress. Infrared (IR) and green (GR) LIPSS were generated on Ti6Al4V surfaces with full and partial surface coverage (100%, 50% and 25%). Fibroblast adhesion and ECM organization were evaluated after long-term culture under control conditions and under inflammatory–bacterial stress induced by TNF-α and inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis . Adhesion resistance was quantified using a scratch-based assay, while fibronectin fibrillogenesis was used as an indicator of ECM integrity. Under inflammatory–bacterial stress, polished titanium surfaces exhibited pronounced disruption of fibronectin organization and reduced resistance to mechanical detachment. In contrast, both IR and GR LIPSS preserved higher levels of fibrillar fibronectin and maintained significantly improved fibroblast adhesion. Partial surface texturing revealed coverage-dependent effects for IR LIPSS under control conditions, whereas GR LIPSS displayed more stable adhesion behavior. Importantly, under inflammatory–bacterial stress, all LIPSS-textured surfaces remained markedly more resistant to detachment than polished controls. These results demonstrate that femtosecond laser texturing enables the design of implant surfaces that maintain soft tissue adhesion and ECM organization under inflammatory–bacterial stress, while allowing partial surface coverage compatible with scalable manufacturing.