Advances in the pharmacological treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy

Graves' orbitopathy has a deteriorating effect on patients' appearance and vision, thus significantly decreases their quality of life. A multidisciplinary team of endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and psychologists should constitute a standard health care team for those patients. It is vital that the therapy is based on an individual approach, with patients being well informed and involved in the decision-making process. Generally, traditional therapies include immunosuppression with steroids, orbital irradiation and surgical decompression. Novel treatment modalities include: biological agents, somatostatin analogs, antioxidants, methotrexate. Better insight into pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy is the only chance for targeted therapy development.