Comparative Analysis of 3‐Year Reintervention Rates for Rezum vs. UroLift : A TriNetX Study

OBJECTIVES: Rezum and UroLift are minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but long-term comparative data remain limited. This study compared 3-year reintervention rates between the two procedures using the TriNetX database. METHODS: Using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, we identified men aged ≥ 40 years who underwent Rezum or UroLift between January 2018 and December 2020 based on Common Procedural Terminology codes. Patients were followed for 3 years to evaluate reintervention. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox regression analyses were performed to reduce baseline differences between the groups. RESULTS: This study included 3697 patients; 771 underwent Rezum and 2926 underwent UroLift. After PSM, overall 3-year reintervention rates were comparable between the two groups (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.66-1.32). In patients aged ≥ 65 years, Rezum was associated with a lower reintervention rate than UroLift (HR = 0.62, 95% CI; 0.40-0.95). Among patients aged 40-64 years, Rezum showed a higher reintervention rate before matching, but the difference was not significant after PSM (HR = 1.23, 95% CI; 0.73-2.07). Within the Rezum cohort, patients aged 40-64 years had higher reintervention rates than those aged ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.13, 95% CI; 1.07-4.22), whereas no age-related difference was observed in the UroLift cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Rezum and UroLift demonstrated comparable overall 3-year reintervention rates after matching. Subgroup analyses suggested lower reintervention rates with Rezum in patients aged ≥ 65 years, whereas outcomes were similar between procedures in younger patients.