The relationships of adoptive status to presenting psychopathology and to demographic and psychosocial variables were examined in a large sample of children and adolescents who attended psychiatric outpatient services over a 14-year period. Adopted boys and girls were both at increased risk of disruptive behavior, including conduct disorders and ADHD. Age at time of adoption was not related to psychopathology.
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Moore et al. (1999) studied this question.
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