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The membrane properties of a Nafion surface can be modified by ion implantation with N + or F + . The results are presented of an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of implanted surfaces. For the interpretation of the XPS spectra, calculations using a semiempirical quantum chemical formalism (AM1) have been applied, in conjunction with a charge‐potential model, to predict the C 1s core electron binding energies.
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Hoffmann et al. (2003) studied this question.
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