Buffer-gas cooling of atomic and molecular beams

We demonstrate direct loading and cooling of a thermal beam into a cryogenic helium buffer gas. Our test species is rubidium; we observe a thermal beam with 3×10¹³s^-1 flux entering a cryocell and thermalizing with a 4.2-K buffer gas. There is no evidence of clustering or other spurious loss mechanisms. The cooling technique should be applicable to a wide variety of species, including radicals.