Structure and Electrochemistry of LiNi[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3−y]M[sub y]Mn[sub 1∕3]O[sub 2] (M=Ti, Al, Fe) Positive Electrode Materials

A series of materials based on the Li Ni 1 ∕ 3 Co 1 ∕ 3 − y M y Mn 1 ∕ 3 O 2 ( M = Ti , Al , Fe ) system has been synthesized and examined structurally and electrochemically. It is found that the changes in electrochemical performance depend highly on the nature of the substituting atom and its effect on the crystal structure. Substitution with small amounts of Ti 4 + ( y = 1 ∕ 12 ) leads to the formation of a high-capacity and high-rate positive electrode material. Iron substituted materials suffer from an increased antisite defect concentration and exhibit lower capacities and poor rate capabilities. Single-phase materials are found for Li Ni 1 ∕ 3 Co 1 ∕ 3 − y Al y Mn 1 ∕ 3 O 2 when y ⩽ 1 ∕ 4 and all exhibit decreased capacities when cycled to 4.3 V . However, an increase in rate performance and cycle stability upon aluminum substitution is correlated with an improved lamellar structure.