Alignment is an essential piece of validity evidence for both educational (K‐12) and credentialing (licensure and certification) assessments. In this article, a comprehensive review of commonly used contemporary alignment procedures is provided; some key weaknesses in current alignment approaches are identified; principles for evaluating alignment methods are distilled; and a new approach to investigating alignment is proposed and illustrated. The article concludes with suggestions for alignment research and practice.
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Cizek et al. (2018) studied this question.
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