Future directions in disturbance research

The major questions identified for future research are: what determines patterns of human disturbance; how can we determine population‐level responses to disturbance; are there general rules for predicting how important disturbance will be; how important are disturbance‐derived ecological traps; what is the interaction between predation and disturbance; when does habituation occur; how do physiological responses to disturbance affect population size; what is the evidence for changes in access impacting upon populations; what are the positive consequences of access to the countryside; how important is habitat‐specific disturbance; which measures reduce human impact and how can large‐scale planning minimize the impact of disturbance?