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August 12, 2026British Journal of Sports Medicine

Outcomes of cardiovascular screening in professional female football players

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Why the study?

The results of cardiac screening, prevalence of cardiac diseases, and subsequent health outcomes among elite female football players were not well characterized.

What is the prevalence of cardiac diseases and subsequent health outcomes identified by cardiovascular screening in elite female football players compared to males?

Population

3121 elite female football players in the UK

Comparison

2680 screened females vs 5360 matched male players

Design

Registry-based cohort study with matched analysis

Follow-up

19 193 person-years

Key result

Cardiovascular screening in elite female football players identified major cardiac conditions in 0.2% of females vs 0.5% of matched males (p=0.027), with no sudden cardiac arrests during follow-up.

Authors

KYKentaro YamagataSSSanjay SivalokanathanGFGherardo Finocchiaro

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

Supports lower screening yield in elite female footballers; leaves open sex-specific protocol needs.

Key Points

  • To investigate cardiac screening results and health outcomes among elite female football players in the UK.
  • 3121 elite female football players underwent the FA cardiac screening programme including a health questionnaire, 12-lead ECG, and echocardiogram.
  • Sex-based comparisons were made with 2680 females matched to 5360 male players by age, ethnicity, and screening period.
  • Analysis of screening findings, follow-up testing, diagnosis, morbidity, and mortality was performed.
  • 193 (6.2%) of athletes showed abnormal screening results requiring evaluation.
  • Major cardiac conditions were diagnosed in six females (0.2%), with no cases of cardiomyopathy at baseline.
  • No instances of sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death occurred during 19,193 person-years of follow-up.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=3,121)

Structured PICO

What is the prevalence of cardiac diseases and subsequent health outcomes identified by cardiovascular screening in elite female football players compared to males?

P
Population
3,121 elite female football players (mean age 19.8 years) undergoing the English Football Association cardiac screening programme between 2000 and 2024, with 19,193 person-years of follow-up.
E
Exposure
English Football Association (FA) cardiac screening programme comprising a health questionnaire, 12-lead ECG, and echocardiogram
C
Comparator
5,360 male players screened through the same programme (for the matched analysis)
O
Outcome
Prevalence of major cardiac conditions and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/SCD)hard clinical

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0.2% vs 0.5%

p-value: p=0.027

Cardiovascular screening in elite female football players reveals a very low prevalence of major cardiac conditions and no sudden cardiac arrest or death, highlighting the need for sex-appropriate interpretation and budgeting.

Cite This Study

Yamagata et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Elite female football players (n=3,121). Cardiovascular screening vs. Male football players was evaluated on Diagnosis of major cardiac conditions (p=0.027). Cardiovascular screening in elite female football players identified major cardiac conditions in 0.2% of females vs 0.5% of matched males (p=0.027), with no sudden cardiac arrests during follow-up.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7c20ae06a85aed514b7a1ahttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-111459
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