We obtain an exact result for the nonperturbative quark (antiquark) production rate and its pT distribution from a constant SU(3) chromoelectric field Eᵃ with arbitrary color index a by directly evaluating the path integral. Unlike the WKB tunneling result, which depends only on one gauge invariant quantity $|E|$, the strength of the chromoelectric field, we find that the exact result for the pT distribution for quark (antiquark) production rate depends on two independent Casimir (gauge) invariants, EᵃEᵃ and [dabcEᵃEᵇEᶜ]².
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Gouranga C. Nayak (2005) studied this question.
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