Green hydrogen based off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy systems

This study aims to evaluate a green hydrogen (H 2 ) based hybrid energy system (HES) from solar and wind renewable energy sources . The proposed HES contains PV panels, wind turbines and a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer . Meteorology data such as solar radiation, temperature and wind speed were obtained from Atilim University Incek Campus Meteorology Station (Ankara, Turkey). The designed HES has been examined as both grid-connected and off-grid. In the grid-connected system, the electricity requirement of the load is supplied by the sun and wind, and the surplus energy produced is stored by producing H 2 using an electrolyzer. In the off-grid HES, the electricity requirement of the load is completely provided by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this system, the electrolyzer produces the H 2 needed by the PEMFC with the energy provided by solar and wind energy . According to the results, 20,186 kWh of energy is produced annually in the on-grid and 3273 sm 3 of H 2 is stored. The off-grid system is investigated for Design-1 and Design-2 using two different wind turbine (WT) rated power. In Design-1 and Design-2, annually 95,145 kWh and 83,511 kWh of energy are produced annually 17,942 sm 3 and 14,370 sm 3 H 2 are stored, respectively. When the on-grid and off-grid systems are examined; levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was calculated as 0.223 $/kWh for the on-grid system and 0.416 $/kWh and 0.410 $/kWh for Design-1 and Design-2 for off-grid systems, respectively.