Spectroscopy of hard X-rays generated by focusing a femtosecond laser (42 fs at 780 nm) onto metal targets consisting elements of various atomic number ( Z ) is carried out in the energy range between 2 and 15 keV using a direct-detection charge-coupled-device camera.Sharp K-shell line emissions are observed for X-rays generated from medium- Z targets (Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn), which can be used for X-ray diffraction without further monochromization. A broad continuum and a weak trace of L-shell line emissions are observed for X-rays from high- Z targets (Mo, Nb and W). The energies of the characteristic X-rays agree well with that of X-rays from neutral atoms or slightly ionized ions.
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Fujimoto et al. (1999) studied this question.
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