Separation and purification of liquid mixtures by adsorption has become an important unit operation in the chemical industry. Design of adsorbers requires information on both adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. The amount of each species adsorbed at equilibrium is the surface excess, which is usually measured experimentally. Analytical equations for the surface excess in bulk and dilute solutions account for differences in molecular size and surface heterogeneity. Experimental equilibrium data can be tested for thermodynamic consistency. The rate of adsorption depends upon the structure of the internal surface of the adsorbent particle, pore diffusivities of the adsorbates, and mass transfer coefficients for the external film. The dynamical behavior of adsorption columns is modeled using equilibrium and kinetic data by simultaneous solution of the partial differential equations for the mass balance of each solute. Industrial adsorption processes for separating bulk liquid mixtures and for removing trace impurities from liquids are designed for continuous or semicontinuous operation.
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Sircar et al. (1986) studied this question.
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