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. Confirmatory factor analysis further refined the scale. Configural invariance was found across all demographic subgroups, but support for metric and scalar invariance was limited. Initial support for convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity was found, but support for incremental validity was limited. Additional evaluation of the Perceived Contribution Scale should examine its use among diverse populations. Future research is needed to examine the role of perceived contribution within the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide.
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Hill et al. (2026) studied this question.
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