Effect of perioperative intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing deep vein thrombosis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a retrospective study

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a perioperative intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in preventing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and improving postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 136 gallstone patients who underwent LC at Nanhua University Affiliated Nanhua Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025. 60 patients (January 2023-December 2023) received conventional perioperative care (control group), while 76 patients (January 2024-January 2025) received TPB-based intervention (intervention group). The intervention targeted attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control through preoperative health belief reinforcement, simulation training, intraoperative emotion regulation, and postoperative goal-setting. Outcomes included clinical recovery indicators, complication rates, coagulation function (fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, platelet count), emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and health behaviors (Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices). Complication rates, including LEDVT and pulmonary infection (2.63% vs. 8.33%) were lower in the intervention group (all P<0.05). The intervention group also exhibited improved coagulation profiles, lower HADS anxiety/depression scores, and higher health behavior scores (allP<0.001). Conclusion: TPB-based perioperative intervention accelerates recovery, reduces LEDVT and complications, optimizes coagulation, alleviates negative emotions, and enhances health behaviors, supporting its integration into standard perioperative care for LC patients.