Low-level Laser Therapy: A Literature Review

LASER is an acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." The arena of lasers has expanded to include light-emitting diodes and other sources of light. Various wavelengths used are in the range of red and near infrared spectrum. Each wavelength has a unique interaction with the respective target tissues. High doses of laser have certain drawbacks and, in order to overcome these issues, widespread research is going on low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Low-level laser therapy results in direct biostimulation action on various cells of the body. It is reported that LLLT could enhance the process of wound healing and also has stimulating effects on bone cells and can hasten the repair process of the bone. In spite of many reports of affirmative findings from experiments conducted in vitro, in animal models, and in randomized controlled clinical trials, the effects of LLLT remain debatable. On the contrary, additional research still needs to be done in order to check the efficacy for periodontal treatment. This article focuses on the effects of LLLT on various tissues, its dosage, mechanisms of action, and applications in the field of dentistry.