Ion-modulated ambipolar electrical conduction in thin-film transistors based on amorphous conjugated polymers

Through gate-modulated electrochemical doping, ambipolar operation in thin-film transistors (TFTs) can be realized in air with solution processable conjugated polymers. Unlike other typical organic TFTs, which rely on high crystallinity for better charge transport, these electrochemically-doped transistors operate under a different mechanism and show very high current output even with completely amorphous polymers.