Why the study?
Differentiating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from athlete's heart is challenging, and clinicians frequently rely on detraining-induced attenuation of findings to distinguish physiological from pathological remodeling.
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Regression of electrocardiographic abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy upon detraining is not exclusive to physiological remodeling ('athlete's heart') and can occur in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Differentiating between this pathological condition and ‘athlete's heart’ can be quite challenging, warranting a thorough clinical and imaging assessment. Clinicians often rely on detraining-induced attenuation of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings as a means of distinguishing between pathological and physiological cardiac remodeling. This report describes detraining-related regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in a young soccer player with a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It challenges the dogma that regression of electrocardiographic abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy is exclusive to physiological remodeling and questions the impact of exercise training in the phenotypic expression and progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A miocardiopatia hipertrófica é uma das principais causas de morte súbita de origem cardíaca em jovens atletas. Distinguir entre esta patologia e o “coração de atleta” pode ser difícil, exigindo uma avaliação clínica e imagiológica exaustiva. Frequentemente recorre-se à atenuação dos achados eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos induzidos pela pausa desportiva como forma de distinguir entre remodelagem fisiológica e patológica. Neste caso clínico descrevemos a regressão da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda induzida pela pausa desportiva num jovem futebolista com o diagnóstico de miocardiopatia hipertrófica. Este caso põe em causa o dogma de que a regressão das alterações eletrocardiográficas e a da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda é exclusiva da remodelação fisiológica e, simultaneamente, levanta dúvidas sobre a influência do treino físico na evolução e expressão fenotípica da miocardiopatia hipertrófica.
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Marques et al. (2021) studied this question.
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