Current Practice Patterns and Barriers to Regional and Epidural Anesthesia: An Observational Analysis

Background: Regional anesthesia techniques particularly epidural and peripheral nerve block anesthesia are internationally recognized for their ability to enhance postoperative outcomes, reduce opioid requirements, and improve patient satisfaction. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 anesthesia professionals (consultants, technicians, and nurse anesthetists) from major public hospitals in Libya. Data were collected using a validated 25-item questionnaire covering knowledge, attitudes, practice, and barriers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26, applying descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: Only 11% of respondents reported regular use of epidural anesthesia, and 5% routinely used peripheral nerve blocks. Significant differences in utilization were observed across professional categories (ANOVA, F = 4.63, p = 0.003). Pearson correlation revealed a moderate positive association between years of experience and frequency of use (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis identified clinical training (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and equipment availability (β = 0.38, p = 0.002) as the strongest predictors of practice, explaining 35% of the variance (R 2 = 0.35). The predominant barriers were lack of appropriate equipment (76%), inadequate hands-on training (68%), and limited institutional support (61%). Despite these constraints, 82% of participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward adopting regional anesthesia techniques. Conclusion: The study highlights a marked underutilization of epidural and nerve block anesthesia in Libyan public hospitals, rooted primarily in training and infrastructural deficiencies rather than attitudinal resistance. Employing advanced statistical modeling provided deeper insights into key predictive factors. Strengthening postgraduate training, improving equipment accessibility, and integrating regional anesthesia protocols into institutional policy could significantly enhance anesthesia practice quality in Libya.