This article provides an overview on the status of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) applications in developing landscape‐level environmental indicators for estuarine ecosystem assessment. These broad‐scape indicators are related to near‐shore water quality, submergent aquatic vegetation, coastal wetlands, as well as watershed landscape structure and pattern. Slightly different from other general reviews, this paper focuses more on the contributions included in this Special Issue that highlight the remote sensing and GIS research conducted by scientists from the US EPS EaGLe (Estuarine and Great Lakes) Program. Following on from the content of this Special Issue, some future research priorities are identified which may be particularly useful to meet the needs of estuarine researchers and resource managers. Finally, the research needs and major challenges for integrated assessment of an estuarine ecosystem by using remote sensing and GIS are discussed.
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Xiaojun Yang (2005) studied this question.
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