Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

We analyze the coupling between the ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters in the magnetoelectric multiferroic BiFeO₃ using density functional theory within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the LSDA+U method. We show that weak ferromagnetism of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type occurs in this material, and we analyze the coupling between the resulting magnetization and the structural distortions. We explore the possibility of electric-field-induced magnetization reversal and show that, although it is unlikely to be realized in BiFeO₃, it is not in general impossible. Finally, we outline the conditions that must be fulfilled to achieve switching of the magnetization using an electric field.