Everyday Confrontation of Discrimination: The Well-Being Costs and Benefits to Women over Time

Taking action against discrimination has positive consequences for well-being (e.g., Cocking & Drury, 2004) butmost of this research has focused on collective actions and has used methodologies assessing one point in time.This study therefore used a diary methodology to examine how women’s everyday confrontations ofdiscrimination would affect measures of subjective and psychological well-being, and how these relationshipswould change over time. In a 28-day online diary study, women indicated their daily experience ofdiscrimination, described their response, and completed measures of well-being. Results showed that at thebeginning of the study, using indirect confrontation predicted greater well-being than using angeredconfrontation. However, continued use of indirect and educational confrontation decreased well-being whereascontinued use of angered confrontation increased well-being over time. By the end of the study, using angeredconfrontation predicted greater well-being than using indirect confrontation. Analyses of linguistic markers wereconsistent with the explicit measures of well-being. Implications for distinguishing between types ofconfrontations and integrating time analyses are discussed.