Ankle Brachial Index: Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians

Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) affects millions, particularly the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) compares systolic pressures in the ankle and brachial arteries to assess lower extremity arterial perfusion. Despite its benefits, the ABI has limitations like low sensitivity in asymptomatic patients and inaccuracies due to arterial calcification. An ABI is beneficial for screening for LEAD in individuals with lower extremity wounds, assessing arterial blood flow before compression therapy, and evaluating wound healing potential. Understanding ABI's limitations and proper use ensures accurate diagnosis when evaluating and managing LEAD. It is crucial that clinicians are well-versed and knowledgeable in the proper use of ABI in the assessment of LEAD and recognize when to refer patients to a vascular specialist.