Yttrium Oxide Upconverting Phosphors. 3. Upconversion Luminescent Emission from Europium-Doped Yttrium Oxide under 632.8 nm Light Excitation

Anti-Stokes and Stokes emissions have been observed from cubic Y 2 O 3:Eu 3+ under 632.8 nm excitation. All the emission features exhibited a marked thermal dependence, decreasing in intensity as the temperature was lowered. Arrhenius plots of this thermal behavior indicated that the Eu 3+ ions were thermally excited to a low-lying level ca. 1300 cm -1 above the ground state; this low-lying excited state was assigned to the 7 F 2 level. Subsequent absorption of a 632.8 nm photon by the thermally excited Eu 3+ ion promoted it to its 5 D 0 level. Anti-Stokes emission bands at wavelengths longer than 580 nm exhibited a one photon dependence on the 632.8 nm exciting light and are assigned to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 0, 5 D 0 → 7 F 1, and 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transitions of the Eu 3+ ion. Stokes emission bands also showing a one photon dependence were assigned to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 3 and 5 D 0 → 7 F 4 transitions. Upconversion anti-Stokes emission bands were observed at wavelengths shorter than 580 nm and showed a two photon dependence on the 632.8 nm exciting light. These emission bands are assigned to Eu 3+ ions on the C 2 sites of cubic Y 2 O 3 with the only exception being a band at 582.2 nm. Although this emission band showed a thermal behavior similar to that of the other emission bands, it is assigned to the Eu 3+ ion on the S 6 site of cubic Y 2 O 3, in keeping with previous assignments of others.