Clay masonry units with variation in construction and demolition waste (CDW) particle size

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of construction and demolition waste (CDW) particle size on the physical and mechanical properties of clay bricks. The methodology was applied, with a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design. The population comprised all manufactured bricks, and the sample consisted of 75 units, distributed into a control group without CDW and four experimental groups with particle sizes of 3/4″, 1/2″, 3/8″, and No. 4. Absorption, dimensional variation, and compressive strength were evaluated. The control bricks exhibited an absorption of 10.7%, dimensional stability within regulatory limits, and a compressive strength of 55 kg⸱cm−². Absorption increased to 13.0% with 3/8″ waste, while No. 4 showed lower absorption (11.7%). Dimensional variation remained within acceptable limits. The 3/8″ waste particles retained their dimensions better, while the No. 4 particles showed greater deviations in height. Regarding compressive strength, the coarse waste particles (3/4″ and No. 4) reached 65 and 64 kg⸱cm−², respectively, surpassing the control, while the 3/8″ particles registered only 26 kg⸱cm−², demonstrating that coarse particles favor compaction and structural development of the brick. In conclusion, the incorporation of CDW into clay bricks is a proven alternative, with particle size being a determining factor in optimizing its properties.