I think of ethics in two parts—virtue ethics and obligation ethics. Virtue ethics is a group of enduring, universal values like honesty, caring, respect, loyalty, and fairness. Those come from within us. Obligation ethics consist of the rules of ethical behavior, laws and canons that we humans have devised over the centuries. Rules and laws come from without, and are applied to us from outside ourselves.
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Richard C. Bartlett (1995) studied this question.