Development of an Innovative Tool for Assessment of Dietary Intake in the Fasting Month of Ramadan- A Ramadan-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire

I n the Islamic calendar, Ramadan is the ninth month of the year, of 29 or 30 days; based on the observation of the crescent moon. According to Islamic practice, Ramadan is the month in which fasting is practiced, in commemoration of the first revelation of the Quran to the prophet Muhammad. During fasting from dawn to dusk, Muslims abstain from consuming food and drink and engaging in sexual activity. Food and drink are served daily before sunrise and after sunset in meals called suhur (the pre-dawn meal) and iftar (the break-fasting meal), respectively