The control of two-dimensional flows around the square back Ahmed body is achieved by using porous devices added on some parts of the body. The square back Ahmed body is considered either in an open domain or on top of a road. The modeling of the flow in different media is performed by means of the penalization method. A good choice of the location of the porous interfaces yields a significant improvement of the aerodynamic quantities, especially for the square back body.
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Bruneau et al. (2008) studied this question.
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