under NIR illumination. Addition of ethanol as a sacrificial agent further reduces the overpotential to -0.316 V and enhances the exchange current density by ∼12-fold due to suppressed charge recombination and improved hot carrier utilization. Mechanistic investigations combining experimental and theoretical analyses attribute these enhancements to synergistic plasmonic effects, efficient hot electron injection, and photothermal contributions. This work underscores the immense potential of anisotropic plasmonic-semiconductor hybrids in driving next-generation technologies for biosensing, electrocatalysis, and sustainable energy applications.
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Datta. et al. (2025) studied this question.
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