Ion-Mobility Spectrometry of Nickel Nanoparticle Oxidation Kinetics: Application to Energetic Materials

Nanoscaled nickel particles have attracted interest for their potential use as a fuel in energetic materials. In this work, we combined two ion-mobility spectrometry approaches, tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA) and tandem differential mobility−particle mass analysis (DMA-APM), to study the size-resolved reactivity of nickel nanoparticles. Nickel nanoparticles were generated in situ by using gas-phase thermal pyrolysis of nickel carbonyl. Four particle sizes (40, 62, 81, and 96 nm, mobility size) were then selected by using a differential mobility analyzer. These particles were sequentially oxidized in a flow reactor at various temperatures (25−1100 °C). The size and mass change of the size-selected and -reacted particles were then measured by a second DMA, or an APM. We found that both particle size and mass were increased as the temperature increased. However, at higher temperature (600−1100 °C), a different mass and size change behavior was observed that could be attributed to a phase transition between NiO and Ni 2 O 3 . A shrinking core model employed to extract the size-resolved kinetic parameters shows that the activation energy for oxidation decreased with decreasing particle size. The burning time power dependence on particle size was found to be less than 2 and nickel particles were found to be kinetically more active than aluminum.