Prognosis conferred by molecular features of appendix-derived Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

• PMP tumorigenesis may arise from failure of DNA double-strand break-repair by homologous recombination (HR) or defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR). • In addition to known genes such as GNAS, KRAS, TP53 , and SMAD4 , previously unidentified genes in PMP like MUC16, TTN , and TGFBR2 were also identified as high-frequency genes. • PMP patients with high tumor mutation burden and predominate signature 4 predict a worse prognosis. • NMF cluster 1, TP53 mutations, and MUC16 mutations were identified as independent predictors of worse OS for PMP. • HR deficiency was identified as an independent predictor for PFS. Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP) is an extremely rare disease characterized by progressive accumulation of mucinous ascites and implants in the peritoneum. We investigated the prognostic value for response to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and dissected potential beneficial targeted therapy utilizing genomic characteristics. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on tissue specimens and matched white blood cells from 81 patients with PMP. The study investigated mutational signatures, profiling, and their correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Signature 3 (HRD) and signature 15 (dMMR) were dominant. NMF cluster 1, characterized by signature 4, exhibited a worse prognosis. The p53 and TGF-β signaling pathways may contribute as risk factors for worse OS and PFS, respectively. MUC16 -mutated patients had worse PFS ( P = 0.016) and OS ( P = 0.004) compared to wild-type patients. Patients with tumor mutational burden (TMB) > 1( P = 0.026) or alterations in TP53 ( P = 0.006) or SMAD4 ( P = 0.013) had significantly worse OS compared to those with a TMB < 1 or normal genes. Patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) positivity ( P = 0.003) or alterations in TGFBR2 ( P = 0.037) experienced worse PFS compared to their respective control groups. Furthermore, NMF cluster1 ( P = 0.020), TP53 ( P = 0.004), and MUC16 ( P = 0.013) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS, while HRD status ( P = 0.003) was independent predictors for PFS in PMP. The study reveals that genomic profiling can serve as a robust tool for identifying prognostic markers in PMP. The identified genomic mutations and signaling pathway offer new avenues for targeted therapies.