Printing fabrication of large-area non-fullerene organic solar cells

) OSCs still exhibit considerable efficiency loss during upscaling from small-area to large-area, which is a big challenge. In recent years, along with the rapid development of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, many researchers have focused on developing large-area non-fullerene-based devices and modules. There are three essential issues in upscaling OSCs from small-area to large-area: fabrication technology, equipment development, and device component processing strategy. In this review, the challenges and solutions in fabricating high-performance large-area OSCs are discussed in terms of the abovementioned three aspects. In addition, the recent progress of large-area OSCs based on non-fullerene electron acceptors is summarized.