Robust control of depth of anesthesia

This paper presents a systematic procedure to design both robust PID controllers and robust controllers based on fractional calculus (based on Commande Robuste d'Ordre Non Entier, or CRONE methodology) to regulate the hypnotic state of anesthesia with the intravenous administration of propofol. The objective of the controllers is to provide an adequate drug administration regimen for propofol to avoid under or over dosing of the patients. The controllers are designed to compensate for the patients inherent drug–response variability (uncertainty), to achieve good output disturbance rejection, and to attain good set point response. The performance of the controllers is assessed by calculating typical time domain measures and using the median PE, median absolute PE, divergence, and wobble.