Lipidomic landscape of lipokines in adipose tissue derived extracellular vesicles

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Characterization of EVs isolated from lean (wild type, WT) or obese iWAT (EVs-iWAT), eWAT (EVs-eWAT) and BAT (EVs-BAT). (A) Quantification analysis of EVs-AT in the lean or obese mice, Data represent mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01, Student’s t-test (Zhang et al., 2020); (B) Electron micrograph of EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT. Scale bar: 200 nm; (C) The size distribution of EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT as determined by NTA (D) Protein levels of CD63, TSG101 in EVs-iWAT, EVs-iWAT and EVs-BAT were detected by Western blot.

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  FIGURE 2. Lipidome analysis of normal/lean EVs-AT. (A) Total lipid molecules and lipid subclasses identified in EVs-AT; (B) Statistical map of lipid subclasses and lipid molecules; (C) A stacked histogram of cumulative lipid classes in EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT; (D) Heatmaps of lipid classes differences in EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT; (E) Hierarchical clustered heatmaps of lipid species in EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT; (F) KEGG analysis of the enriched lipid classes in EVs-eWAT compared with EVs-iWAT; (G) KEGG analysis of the enriched lipid classes in EVs-BAT compared with EVs-iWAT.

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  FIGURE 3. Obesity alters EVs-AT lipidome. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of EVs-iWAT lipidomes in lean and obese mice; (B) A stacked histogram of cumulative lipid classes in lean or obese EVs-iWAT; (C) The relative percentage difference in concentration of all quantified VIP lipid species between lean (left panel) or obese EVs-iWAT (right panel), each dot represents a lipid species, and the dot size indicates significance; (D) PCA of EVs-eWAT lipidomes in lean and obese mice; (E) A stacked histogram of cumulative lipid classes in lean or obese EVs-eWAT; (F) The relative percentage difference in concentration of all quantified VIP lipid species between lean (left panel) or obese EVs-eWAT (right panel), each dot represents a lipid species, and the dot size indicates significance; (G) PCA of EVs-BAT lipidomes in lean and obese mice; (H) A stacked histogram of cumulative lipid classes in lean or obese EVs-BAT; (I) The relative percentage difference in concentration of all quantified VIP lipid species between lean (left panel) or obese EVs-BAT (right panel), each dot represents a lipid species, and the dot size indicates significance.

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  FIGURE 4. KEGG pathway analysis of the changed lipids in obese EVs-iWAT (A), EVs-eWAT (B) and EVs-BAT (C).

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  FIGURE 5. Functional analysis of the changed lipids in obese EVs-AT. (A) A heatmap of changed lipid classes in obese EVs-AT, the fold change of lipid classes compared to the lean EVs-AT was represented by color ranges from blue to red, as indicated by the scale bar; (B) The concentration of PC and PE in the lean and obese EVs-iWAT, EVs-eWAT and EVs-BAT; (C) Hierarchical clustered heatmaps of lipid species in the lean and obese EVs-iWAT; (D) Hierarchical clustered heatmaps of lipid species in the lean and obese EVs-eWAT; (E) Hierarchical clustered heatmaps of lipid species in the lean and obese EVs-BAT.