Although system loads fluctuate rapidly and are typically measured at 2-second intervals by utility control centers, generation does not track these high-speed fluctuations. Analysis of data from a large Midwestern control area shows that generation tracks load at roughly the 1- to 2-minute level. In addition, some of the generating units assigned to this regulation service actually contribute to the regulating burden.
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Kirby et al. (1998) studied this question.
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