Friction-Factors for Flat-Bed Flows in Sand Channels

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

A method is developed for determining friction factors of open channel flows over flat sand beds in an active state of transport. The graphical predictor is derived from both field and laboratory data, and is presented in a format similar to that of the Moody pipe-friction diagram. The variation of friction factor with Reynolds number for constant values of the ratio of hydraulic radius to median sediment size was found to be much different for these flows than for one-phase flows in rigid-boundary conduits.