What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to develop a lightweight, eco-friendly grout alternative to conventional cement-based grouts for rock stabilization.

August 13, 2026BuildingsOpen Access

Improvement of Rock Grouts Using Eco-Friendly Lightweight Geopolymer Mortar Modified with Castor Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

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Implication

Randomized trial evaluates lightweight eco-friendly grout alternatives for rock stabilization, suggesting benefits in low-permeability and reduced weight.

Key Points

The study aims to develop a lightweight, eco-friendly grout alternative to conventional cement-based grouts for rock stabilization.
Three formulations were evaluated: unmodified geopolymer grout, petroleum-based polyurethane modified grout, and castor oil-based polyurethane modified grout.
Materials were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.
Tests were conducted to assess apparent density, permeability, unconfined compressive strength, and direct shear behavior, particularly at the grout-limestone interface.
Incorporation of castor oil-based polyurethane reduced the apparent density by up to 24%, achieving 16.89 kN/m3.
Permeability decreased to as low as 2.3 × 10−8 m/s with the modified grout, but compressive strength dropped significantly from 5564 to 139 kN/m2.
Interfacial cohesion of castor oil-based grout improved by 67%, indicating better rock adhesion.

Cite This Study

A 2026 study studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d75c72b0e0cff3f63e9e4 https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16163179

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Implication

Randomized trial evaluates lightweight eco-friendly grout alternatives for rock stabilization, suggesting benefits in low-permeability and reduced weight.

Improvement of Rock Grouts Using Eco-Friendly Lightweight Geopolymer Mortar Modified with Castor Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Improvement of Rock Grouts Using Eco-Friendly Lightweight Geopolymer Mortar Modified with Castor Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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