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August 13, 2026Journal of Cultural HeritageOpen Access

Confocal and angular-resolved XRF: A comparative study of mobile techniques for the non-invasive analysis of layered structures in artworks

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Authors

JTJosé TapiaCCClaudia CaliriGSG. Santagati

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Overview

Comparative study evaluates non-invasive imaging techniques in cultural heritage, suggesting innovative analysis methods.

Key Points

  • This study aims to compare two mobile X-ray fluorescence techniques for non-invasive analysis of layered structures in cultural heritage artworks.
  • Compared Confocal XRF and Angle-Resolved XRF on thin-film metallic standards and real artwork stratigraphies.
  • Utilized mobile high-performance instruments designed for non-invasive analysis.
  • Implemented 3D mapping capabilities and sub-ppm detection limits for various elements.
  • CXRF demonstrated effective 3D mapping with a 8.8 µm depth resolution and dwell times as low as 200 ms.
  • AR-XRF offered versatility and portability with low-powered monochromatic sources, achieving high detection limits.
  • Both techniques showcased complementary capabilities for analyzing complex artwork stratigraphies.

Cite This Study

Tapia et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d76172b0e0cff3f63f3c6https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2026.07.017
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Novel mobile 3D confocal X-ray fluorescence (3D CXRF) scanner for the non-invasive characterization of layered cultural heritage artworks2026 · 1 citations
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  3. 3Real-Time Elemental Analysis Using a Handheld XRF Spectrometer in Scanning Mode in the Field of Cultural Heritage2024 · 2 citations
  4. 4Application of Macro X-ray Fluorescence Fast Mapping to Thickness Estimation of Layered Pigments2024
  5. 5Integration of Micro‐ <scp>CT</scp> and <scp>XRF</scp> Mapping for Multimodal <scp>3D</scp> Analysis of Polychrome Wooden Artifacts2026