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August 13, 2026PeerJOpen Access

Temperature and relative humidity differentially affect deltamethrin and malathion toxicity in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

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Authors

DWDonald Francis WardArizona State UniversityJKJoshua KalmouniArizona State UniversityAAAnnika AveryArizona State University

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Implication

Experimental analysis reveals that temperature and humidity differently influence insecticide toxicity in mosquitoes, suggesting implications for vector control.

Key Points

  • This research aims to understand how temperature and relative humidity affect the toxicity of deltamethrin and malathion in mosquitoes.
  • Conducted WHO tube bioassays on pyrethroid-susceptible female Culex quinquefasciatus.
  • Tested two temperatures (20 °C, 27 °C) and three relative humidities (20%, 50%, 80%).
  • Analyzed mortality data using generalized linear models to assess insecticide performance.
  • Deltamethrin toxicity increased at lower relative humidities (20% and 50%) and decreased at lower temperatures (20 °C).
  • Malathion toxicity exhibited a strong positive correlation with temperature but was independent of relative humidity.
  • The study provides evidence that temperature and humidity influence insecticide effectiveness in distinct ways.

Cite This Study

Ward et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d76652b0e0cff3f63fa6chttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21565
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