A factor analytic study of the DSM-III-R criteria yielded 12 factors that were more or less similar to the DSM-III-R personality disorders (including self-defeating). The schizotypal and narcissistic personality disorders are least confirmed, while the antisocial, passive-aggressive, and paranoid personality disorders are fairly well replicated. The factors directed the creation of 12 dimensions of personality disorder criteria. Few dimensions showed much heritability. The self-effacive dimensions (close to self-defeating) showed highest heritability, followed by the affect-constricted dimension (“true” schizotypals). A number of dimensions showed no heritability, but relatively high common family environmental variance, among these the disorganized dimension (close to borderline). Finally a hierarchical cluster analysis showed how these dimensions might group the individuals in eight personality disorder syndromes and might allow for the aggrevation of the basic syndromes into borderline conditions.
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Torgersen et al. (1993) studied this question.