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Examines gender representation in Punjabi songs, revealing patterns of objectification and stereotypes.
Punjabi popular music has become a widely consumed form of popular communication, reaching large domestic and diasporic audiences through digital platforms such as YouTube. This study examines how gender is represented in the lyrics of 20 widely viewed Punjabi songs released in 2021. Drawing on feminist theory, objectification theory, and gender schema theory, the study employed inductive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in the representation of masculinity and femininity. Three interrelated themes emerged: stereotypical gendered identities, objectification of women, and glorification of toxic masculinity. The findings indicate that women are frequently portrayed through restrictive ideals of beauty, materialism, and dependency, whereas masculinity is associated with dominance, control, and aggression. The study highlights Punjabi song lyrics as cultural texts through which gendered meanings are articulated, circulated, and reproduced within contemporary popular culture.
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Verma et al. (2026) studied this question.
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